Have you ever wondered? how cells power your life to keep you alive. Cells, the building blocks of life, carry wealth of secrets within them to maintain the existence of living organisms. Not just these all but cells also perform and control different types of activities from eating, breathing to thinking, moving, speaking and so on. From the simplest bacteria to complex human being, cells have unique structures with diverse functions in various living organisms. Cell, the basic unit of life, have different organelles within it with unique and special jobs to perform to keep cell active. That's why you should must know about the cell so let's Have a Deep Dive Together into Cell Structure, Function and organelles with their functions.
Cells:
Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. which are also called "the building blocks of living things". different types of cells have various structures and separate functions in varieties of living organisms.
1) Prokaryotic Cells:
These cells have no nucleus and membrane-bound organelles but prokaryotic cells have genetic material within it, floating in cytoplasm.
Prokaryotic cells are unicellular and smaller in size than Eukaryotic cells like bacteria.
2) Eukaryotic cells:
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound nucleus and organelles within it. Eukaryotic cells are much larger than prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells are found in multicellular organisms like plants and animals.
1) Cell membrane:
cell membrane sometimes it is also called plasma membrane. it is the boundary of cell which protects and gives the shape to the cell and it also allows the substances to pass in and out of the cell.
2) Cytoplasm:
cytoplasm is a jelly like substance spread within cell found in both type of cells prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells. most of the cellular reactions and activities occur in cytoplasm.
3) Ribosome:
ribosome is the tiny structure which makes the protein in cell. which is very essential for the life.
ribosomes are also find in both type of cells prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
4) Nucleus:
Nucleus is also called the control centre of cell. nucleus carries the genetic material in the form of DNA, during the cell division process DNA converts into the structure called chromosomes.
5) Nucleolus:
Nucleolus is a dark colour denser body which is present inside the nucleus it makes the ribosomes. which are essential for the protein synthesis in all type of cells prokaryotic and Eukaryotic.
6) Vacuoles:
These are sac-like organelles in the cell, which store the various substances water water, sugar, salt and so on.
7) Lysosomes:
Lysosomes are also called garbage collectors because they collect damaged material of cell. They carry digestive enzymes to break down protein, lipids, carbohydrates and so on.
8) Endoplasmic Reticulum:
it is also abbreviated as ER. it plays important role in synthesis, modification, folding and transport of proteins and lipids to make them capable for usage within the cell.
There are two types of Endoplasmic reticulum, one is smooth endoplasmic reticulum which is also called smooth ER and the second one is rough endoplasmic reticulum which is called rough ER.
Rough ER is attached with the ribosomes whereas Smooth ER is free from attachment of ribosomes on it.
9) Mitochondria
It is also called power house of cell because it produces energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the major energy currency in the cell. If a cell need more energy, should have more Mitochondria.
10) Chloroplast
Chloroplasts are the organelles, which have green colour because of the presence of green pigment within them which captures the sunlight to make their own food through the process of photosynthesis.
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"Solve The Quiz"
1. What is the function of ribosomes in a cell? 2. Which type of cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus? 3. Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell? 4. What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells? 5. Where is genetic material located in prokaryotic cells? 6. Which organelle is responsible for modifying and transporting proteins? 7. What is the function of lysosomes in a cell? 8. Which type of ER is associated with ribosomes? 9. What is the function of the cell membrane? 10. What is the main function of the nucleolus?